Question 1

"Transporter" proteins transport neurotransmitters:

Accepted Answer

A)   back into the presynaptic neuron.
B)   across the synapse to the postsynaptic neuron.
C)   across the synapse back to the presynaptic neuron.
D)   to the appropriate receptor sites.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Opiates work at the pain receptors in the skin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A)   chloride
B)   bicarbonate
C)   calcium
D)   oxygenE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Briefly describe why synapses are a "decision maker."

Accepted Answer

Synapses are often referred to as "decis...

Question 5

What is the most unusual thing about the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is found only in sensory neurons.
B)   It is both excitatory and inhibitory.
C)   It is normally a poisonous gas.
D)   It is also known as "laughing gas."E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Nitric oxide's value is that it:

Accepted Answer

A)   increases blood flow to certain areas of the brain.
B)   restricts blood flow to certain areas of the brain.
C)   increases growth of microglia.
D)   decreases growth of microglia.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

A receptor can directly open a channel exerting a(n)  ____ effect or it can produce slower but longer ____ effects.

Accepted Answer

A)   gated; metabotropic
B)   ionotropic; gated
C)   metabotropic; ionotropic
D)   ionotropic; metabotropicE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

A neurotransmitter receptor is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a protein embedded in the membrane.
B)   a channel in the membrane.
C)   found only on the soma.
D)   activated similarly for all neurotransmitters.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Anandamide and 2-AG are believed to be the naturally occurring neurotransmitters that bind to the same receptors as which drug?

Accepted Answer

A)   heroin
B)   cocaine
C)   alcohol
D)   marijuanaE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   a reflex arc.
B)   a synapse.
C)   flexion.
D)   extension.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 11

What causes an EPSP?

Accepted Answer

A)   the deactivation of cytoplasmic enzymes
B)   the opening of sodium channels
C)   the opening of potassium channels
D)   inherited paranormal psychic abilitiesE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The effectiveness and side-effects of a drug vary from one person to the next. One reason for this is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   most drugs are chemically unstable, resulting in unpredictable effects.
B)   most drugs interact with the diet to produce variable effects.
C)   each drug tends to affect more than one kind of synapse.
D)   drugs will break down neurotransmitters into different component parts in different people.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

A hormone is a chemical that is:

Accepted Answer

A)   secreted by a gland to the outside world.
B)   conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences.
C)   capable of activating or inhibiting muscle fibers.
D)   a feedback message from the postsynaptic neuron to the presynaptic neuron.E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following activities does NOT stimulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?

Accepted Answer

A)   gambling
B)   sexual excitement
C)   video games
D)   runningE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Ionotropic effects:

Accepted Answer

A)   depolarize the postsynaptic membrane.
B)   hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane.
C)   may depolarize or hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane.
D)   enhance the reabsorption of neurotransmitters.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

The basic building blocks for the majority of neurotransmitters are:

Accepted Answer

A)   amino acids.
B)   nitric oxide.
C)   sugars.
D)   carbohydrates.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

What is one factor in determining whether a drug that readily attaches to a receptor will have agonistic or antagonistic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)   its affinity for the receptor
B)   its efficacy
C)   the neurotransmitter than normally attaches to that receptor
D)   its electrical chargeE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Endogenous cannabinoids act to:

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease neurotransmitter release from presynaptic neurons.
B)   block reuptake of neurotransmitter.
C)   stimulate release of dopamine.
D)   decrease synthesis of neurotransmitter.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

A metabotropic synapse, by way of its second messenger, ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   has effects localized to one point on the membrane
B)   can influence activity in much of the presynaptic cell
C)   can influence activity in much or all of the postsynaptic cell
D)   has minimal effect on the postsynaptic cellE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Synapses

A receptor can directly open a channel exerting a(n) ____ effect or it can produce slower but longer ____ effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following activities does NOT stimulate dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endogenous cannabinoids act to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Opiates work at the pain receptors in the skin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effectiveness and side-effects of a drug vary from one person to the next. One reason for this is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Transporter" proteins transport neurotransmitters:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anandamide and 2-AG are believed to be the naturally occurring neurotransmitters that bind to the same receptors as which drug?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What causes an EPSP?

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Most of the known neurotransmitters are synthesized from amino acids.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitric oxide's value is that it:

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Briefly describe why synapses are a "decision maker."

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AISynapses are often referred to as "decis...View AnswerShow Answer

A hormone is a chemical that is:

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What is the most unusual thing about the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) ?

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The basic building blocks for the majority of neurotransmitters are:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A neurotransmitter receptor is:

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A metabotropic synapse, by way of its second messenger, ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it evokes the release of neurotransmitters by opening ____ channels in the axon terminal.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one factor in determining whether a drug that readily attaches to a receptor will have agonistic or antagonistic effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ionotropic effects:

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A receptor can directly open a channel exerting a(n) effect or it can produce slower but longer effects.

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Synapses are often referred to as "decis...
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