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Dr. Cirillo divided her first-period class into two groups. One group had to read 20 pages in a boring psychology text but would get 2 extra points on the next test. The other group also read 20 pages but were given 25 points added to the next test. The class members were then asked to tell the second-period class how interesting the book was. According to the results of the Festinger and Carlsmith study, what predictions could one make about the remarks of the first-period class?


A) Both groups would say the pages were boring.
B) The first-period class would say the pages were boring but the second-period class would not.
C) Both groups would say the pages were interesting.
D) The first-period class would say the pages were interesting but the second-period class would say the pages were boring.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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How are proximity to others and attraction correlated?


A) not correlated
B) positively correlated
C) negatively correlated
D) inversely correlated

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A very attractive initial offer is made to get people to commit themselves to an action, but then the terms are made less favorable. This is the __________


A) the foot-in-the-door technique.
B) the low-ball technique.
C) the door-in-the-face technique.
D) the that's-not-all technique.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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How can a coach get his football team to perform better if he suspects they are exhibiting social loafing?


A) introduce new challenges
B) get the captain to apply pressure
C) grade their performance
D) ignore the behavior

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Betty is a smoker. She realizes that smoking is bad for her: however, she also feels being overweight is equally bad, and smoking helps her keep her weight down, so she chooses to continue. Betty is engaging in the reduction of __________


A) cognitive dissonance.
B) persuasion.
C) altruism.
D) rationalization.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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The purpose of Milgram's study on obedience was to find out how many people would obey an authority figure when directly ordered to violate their own ethical standards.

A) True
B) False

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How does the jigsaw classroom operate?


A) Students compete to win a top award.
B) Students are each given a piece of information that must be shared to solve a problem.
C) Students are told that one student holds the key to solving a problem and they must find out who it is.
D) Students are all given separate puzzles to solve.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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In what way is compliance different from conformity?


A) Compliance is a response to a direct request, whereas conformity is a response to indirect social pressure.
B) Conformity and compliance are very similar; the distinction depends on whether one is a male or female.
C) Conformity involves direct group pressure for change, whereas compliance involves orders or commands.
D) Compliance involves eliciting reaction on the part of group members, whereas conformity involves subliminal persuasion.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following would result in cognitive dissonance?


A) I believe smoking is bad for my health; I love to smoke.
B) I believe exercising is healthy; I love to exercise.
C) I believe dresses are feminine; Nicole Kidman sometimes wears pants.
D) I believe profanity is childish; my father uses profanity.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Bart signed up to be involved in a social psychology research study on a bulletin board in the Psychology Department. Bart was told that the study had to do with memory, however, he was later told, after the study was over, that the study was focused on obedience. Bart's role in the study was that of __________


A) naive subject.
B) accomplice.
C) confederate.
D) informant.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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To guard against groupthink, Janis suggests __________


A) that the concept of team participation is addressed early.
B) that an early consensus of opinion be reached.
C) that views of the group never be challenged by outsiders.
D) at least one group member should take on the role of devil's advocate.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Consider the way that most children feel about eating spinach. Unless the child is very unusual, you will probably not get a favorable reaction when you put a plate of spinach in front of that youngster. Discuss the child's responses from all three of the components of attitudes. Do you think a child's attitude would change if (s)he were served spinach immediately following a viewing of the movie Popeye?

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of groupthink?


A) Preserving group solidarity is more important than objectivity.
B) One group member makes it a point to challenge the group.
C) Individual members hesitate to voice any opposing ideas.
D) The group believes it is incapable of making mistakes.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The tendency to blame the situation for our problems and other people's problems on their own dispositions, is an example of the __________


A) self-serving bias.
B) false-consensus effect.
C) actor-observer effect.
D) the primacy effect.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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According to research, women are more likely than men to look for a mate who __________


A) is physically attractive.
B) has emotional maturity.
C) will do his share of the house work.
D) has resources and social status.

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Stereotypes assume that members of the same group must have distinct differences between them.

A) True
B) False

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Prejudice is a behavior and discrimination is more of an attitude or cognition.

A) True
B) False

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The tendency of people to comply with a second, lesser request after refusing a larger one is called the __________ technique.


A) low-ball
B) door-in-the-face
C) foot-in-the-door
D) bait-and-switch

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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The term that explains the fact that people generally marry people they have had some continuous exposure to, as opposed to people they don't know well is __________


A) priming.
B) closure.
C) similarity.
D) proximity.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Mary has noticed that now that she has played her new music CD several times she is liking it more. This is an example of __________


A) a self-serving bias.
B) the mere-exposure effect.
C) reciprocal liking.
D) the Pygmalion effect.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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